Eurostat publishes government debt of every EU country each quarter, measured the same way for all of them. The newest figures are for Q2 2026. They are more recent than the yearly IMF estimates in our world ranking, so numbers can differ slightly.
Debt to GDP of all 27 EU countries
- Greece 140.8% -11.2
- Italy 139.9% +2.3
- France 119.1% +3.7
- Belgium 110.2% +3.8
- Spain 101.4% -1.8
- Portugal 92.5% -3.4
- Finland 90.2% +1.9
- Austria 83.6% +2.4
- Hungary 75.6% -0.2
- Slovenia 64.7% -4.5
- Poland 64.5% +6.7
- Germany 63.4% +2.0
- Slovakia 60.6% -1.3
- Romania 59.4% +2.4
- Croatia 56.2% -0.5
- Cyprus 48.5% -9.6
- Latvia 48.0% +0.9
- Malta 47.0% +0.3
- Czechia 43.8% +0.1
- Lithuania 43.8% +4.9
- Netherlands 43.7% +0.7
- Ireland 35.3% +0.9
- Sweden 35.3% +1.5
- Bulgaria 28.7% +2.4
- Luxembourg 28.2% +3.6
- Denmark 27.1% -1.7
- Estonia 26.1% +3.0
Which EU countries are above the 60% limit?
The EU treaties set a reference value of 60% of GDP for government debt. 13 countries are above it in Q2 2026. Greece, Italy, France, Belgium, and Spain owe more than 100% of GDP; Greece has the highest ratio at 140.8%.
EU countries with the lowest debt
Estonia, Denmark, and Luxembourg have the lowest debt in the EU. 6 countries stay under 40% of GDP.
Who owes the most in euros?
Large economies carry the largest sums even with moderate ratios. France, Italy, Germany, and Spain together owe 72.0% of all EU government debt. France alone owes €3.60 trillion, Italy €3.21 trillion.
Whose debt rose and fell in the past year?
Between Q2 2025 and Q2 2026, debt to GDP rose most in Poland (+6.7 points), Lithuania (+4.9 points) and Belgium (+3.8 points). It fell most in Greece (−11.2 points) and Cyprus (−9.6 points). The ratio falls when the economy grows faster than the debt, so a lower ratio does not always mean less borrowing. Why that happens is explained in how national debt works.
What is your share?
Pick your country and see how much of its government debt falls on your household.
Open the debt calculatorSource: Eurostat, quarterly government debt (gov_10q_ggdebt), general government (S13) gross debt, % of GDP and million euros, Q2 2026 and Q2 2025, retrieved 2026-11-12.
Frequently asked questions
Which EU country has the highest debt?
Against GDP, Greece (140.8%) and Italy (139.9%) in Q2 2026. In euros, France owes the most: €3.60 trillion.
Which EU country has the lowest debt?
Estonia (26.1% of GDP), followed by Denmark (27.1%) and Luxembourg (28.2%) in Q2 2026.
How much debt does the EU have?
The governments of the 27 EU countries owed €15.95 trillion in Q2 2026, 82.9% of EU GDP. The euro area owed €14.44 trillion (88.8%).
What is the EU debt limit?
The EU treaties set a reference value of 60% of GDP for government debt and 3% of GDP for the yearly deficit (Protocol No 12 on the excessive deficit procedure).
How many EU countries are above 60% debt to GDP?
13 of 27 in Q2 2026; 5 of them owe more than their whole annual GDP: Greece, Italy, France, Belgium, and Spain.
