This ranking covers 187 countries with IMF estimates for 2026. National debt here means general government gross debt: everything owed by central, state and local governments and social security funds. It is the measure the IMF uses to compare countries. To learn how this debt is created and who lends it, read how national debt works.
The biggest debts at a glance
Switch between debt in dollars, debt to GDP and debt per person: each puts a different group of countries on top.
- United States $41.39 trillion
- China $22.49 trillion
- Japan $8.66 trillion
- United Kingdom $4.35 trillion
- France $4.21 trillion
- Italy $3.73 trillion
- Germany $3.53 trillion
- India $3.37 trillion
- Canada $2.88 trillion
- Brazil $2.58 trillion
- Spain $2.04 trillion
- Mexico $1.35 trillion
- Singapore $1.11 trillion
- Australia $1.11 trillion
- South Korea $1.06 trillion
- Sudan 334.4%
- Japan 199.4%
- Singapore 166.4%
- Bahrain 162.8%
- Italy 137.9%
- Greece 136.0%
- Maldives 130.7%
- United States 126.8%
- Libya 125.2%
- France 118.5%
- Bhutan 116.2%
- Canada 115.6%
- Ukraine 111.8%
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 111.6%
- Cabo Verde 109.9%
- Singapore $181,566
- United States $120,729
- Belgium $71,123
- Japan $70,587
- Canada $69,481
- Italy $63,277
- United Kingdom $62,331
- France $60,966
- Iceland $58,677
- Austria $55,222
- Finland $54,502
- Israel $49,837
- Switzerland $47,675
- Norway $46,074
- Bahrain $45,821
Countries with the most national debt
The ten largest borrowers owe $97.20 trillion, or 80.6% of all government debt in the world. Big economies borrow the most in dollars: the United States alone owes $41.39 trillion, about $120,729 for every resident.
Highest debt to GDP ratio
Dollar totals favor large economies. Debt to GDP compares debt with the size of the economy, which is closer to how hard the debt is to carry. Sudan tops this list at 334.4%; Japan owes 199.4% of its annual output.
Highest debt per person
Divided by population, the heaviest debts are in rich countries: Singapore, United States, Belgium, and Japan.
Countries with the least debt
No major economy is debt-free. The lowest ratios belong to small states with large reserves or little borrowing: Macao (0.0%), Liechtenstein (0.5%), Brunei (1.3%).
| # | Country | National debt | Debt to GDP | Per person |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Macao | $0.0 million | 0.0% | $0 |
| 2 | Liechtenstein | $48.0 million | 0.5% | $1,142 |
| 3 | Brunei | $245.3 million | 1.3% | $528 |
| 4 | Tuvalu | $2.1 million | 2.5% | $208 |
| 5 | Nauru | $5.1 million | 2.6% | $425 |
| 6 | Turkmenistan | $2.4 billion | 2.9% | $356 |
| 7 | Kiribati | $31.0 million | 7.7% | $236 |
| 8 | Micronesia | $40.9 million | 7.7% | $538 |
| 9 | Haiti | $4.1 billion | 10.5% | $325 |
| 10 | Marshall Islands | $47.0 million | 13.9% | $1,270 |
All 187 countries ranked by national debt
Search for a country or click a column to sort.
| # | Country | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | $41.39 trillion | 126.8% | $120,729 |
| 2 | China | $22.49 trillion | 104.4% | $16,048 |
| 3 | Japan | $8.66 trillion | 199.4% | $70,587 |
| 4 | United Kingdom | $4.35 trillion | 102.0% | $62,331 |
| 5 | France | $4.21 trillion | 118.5% | $60,966 |
| 6 | Italy | $3.73 trillion | 137.9% | $63,277 |
| 7 | Germany | $3.53 trillion | 64.6% | $42,442 |
| 8 | India | $3.37 trillion | 83.1% | $2,285 |
| 9 | Canada | $2.88 trillion | 115.6% | $69,481 |
| 10 | Brazil | $2.58 trillion | 97.0% | $12,025 |
| 11 | Spain | $2.04 trillion | 97.6% | $40,753 |
| 12 | Mexico | $1.35 trillion | 62.1% | $10,055 |
| 13 | Singapore | $1.11 trillion | 166.4% | $181,566 |
| 14 | Australia | $1.11 trillion | 52.6% | $39,540 |
| 15 | South Korea | $1.06 trillion | 47.3% | $20,581 |
| 16 | Belgium | $848.4 billion | 109.8% | $71,123 |
| 17 | Poland | $754.6 billion | 66.6% | $20,770 |
| 18 | Netherlands | $646.4 billion | 45.4% | $35,655 |
| 19 | Indonesia | $617.1 billion | 41.7% | $2,149 |
| 20 | Russia | $552.2 billion | 19.3% | $3,851 |
| 21 | Argentina | $532.4 billion | 69.3% | $11,103 |
| 22 | Israel | $513.9 billion | 68.8% | $49,837 |
| 23 | Austria | $508.3 billion | 82.4% | $55,222 |
| 24 | Saudi Arabia | $475.5 billion | 35.4% | $12,948 |
| 25 | Switzerland | $435.0 billion | 38.3% | $47,675 |
| 26 | Greece | $414.3 billion | 136.0% | $40,001 |
| 27 | Turkey | $409.0 billion | 22.5% | $4,743 |
| 28 | Thailand | $402.6 billion | 67.2% | $5,626 |
| 29 | South Africa | $381.5 billion | 78.0% | $5,974 |
| 30 | Malaysia | $378.6 billion | 69.2% | $11,059 |
| 31 | Egypt | $372.0 billion | 84.0% | $3,380 |
| 32 | Colombia | $340.8 billion | 59.5% | $6,382 |
| 33 | Portugal | $319.3 billion | 85.1% | $29,627 |
| 34 | Pakistan | $314.2 billion | 69.8% | $1,282 |
| 35 | Finland | $306.7 billion | 90.6% | $54,502 |
| 36 | Philippines | $303.5 billion | 60.5% | $2,638 |
| 37 | Romania | $294.3 billion | 62.6% | $15,488 |
| 38 | Sweden | $261.5 billion | 35.1% | $24,305 |
| 39 | Norway | $260.7 billion | 40.0% | $46,074 |
| 40 | Ukraine | $256.5 billion | 111.8% | $7,910 |
| 41 | Ireland | $237.8 billion | 33.5% | $42,823 |
| 42 | United Arab Emirates | $216.8 billion | 32.8% | $18,731 |
| 43 | Taiwan | $215.1 billion | 21.1% | $9,274 |
| 44 | Hungary | $209.3 billion | 78.7% | $21,945 |
| 45 | Bangladesh | $205.1 billion | 40.5% | $1,169 |
| 46 | Czech Republic | $196.0 billion | 45.8% | $18,143 |
| 47 | Iraq | $174.4 billion | 71.1% | $3,738 |
| 48 | Chile | $172.2 billion | 42.8% | $8,543 |
| 49 | Algeria | $171.9 billion | 51.8% | $3,580 |
| 50 | New Zealand | $156.1 billion | 57.1% | $29,146 |
| 51 | Vietnam | $153.4 billion | 28.3% | $1,488 |
| 52 | Nigeria | $133.8 billion | 34.6% | $552 |
| 53 | Denmark | $131.8 billion | 26.4% | $21,837 |
| 54 | Morocco | $130.3 billion | 66.6% | $3,424 |
| 55 | Iran | $122.0 billion | 39.1% | $1,387 |
| 56 | Peru | $114.3 billion | 28.6% | $3,288 |
| 57 | Kenya | $110.2 billion | 72.9% | $2,030 |
| 58 | Sri Lanka | $105.4 billion | 95.2% | $4,819 |
| 59 | Slovakia | $103.9 billion | 62.2% | $19,211 |
| 60 | Sudan | $103.2 billion | 334.4% | $1,995 |
| 61 | Kazakhstan | $94.7 billion | 23.8% | $4,596 |
| 62 | Qatar | $94.2 billion | 46.4% | $29,524 |
| 63 | Dominican Republic | $83.1 billion | 57.2% | $7,576 |
| 64 | Angola | $81.0 billion | 51.5% | $1,996 |
| 65 | Bahrain | $74.9 billion | 162.8% | $45,821 |
| 66 | Libya | $71.3 billion | 125.2% | $9,462 |
| 67 | Costa Rica | $71.2 billion | 61.8% | $13,151 |
| 68 | Ghana | $66.5 billion | 51.7% | $1,863 |
| 69 | Croatia | $65.3 billion | 56.3% | $16,811 |
| 70 | Uruguay | $64.4 billion | 67.7% | $18,506 |
| 71 | Hong Kong | $64.2 billion | 14.1% | $8,506 |
| 72 | Côte d'Ivoire | $63.8 billion | 57.8% | $1,887 |
| 73 | Slovenia | $56.4 billion | 63.5% | $26,432 |
| 74 | Panama | $54.4 billion | 56.4% | $11,774 |
| 75 | Tunisia | $54.0 billion | 86.1% | $4,351 |
| 76 | Bolivia | $54.0 billion | 100.2% | $4,232 |
| 77 | Jordan | $53.5 billion | 82.5% | $4,618 |
| 78 | Ethiopia | $51.7 billion | 40.7% | $461 |
| 79 | Uzbekistan | $49.2 billion | 27.6% | $1,263 |
| 80 | Bulgaria | $48.2 billion | 32.9% | $7,567 |
| 81 | Serbia | $47.7 billion | 42.9% | $7,347 |
| 82 | Lithuania | $46.8 billion | 44.7% | $16,153 |
| 83 | Tanzania | $46.3 billion | 48.1% | $638 |
| 84 | Myanmar | $44.3 billion | 53.3% | $803 |
| 85 | Uganda | $39.8 billion | 55.1% | $801 |
| 86 | Kuwait | $39.1 billion | 26.6% | $7,696 |
| 87 | Oman | $37.8 billion | 31.1% | $6,973 |
| 88 | Guatemala | $36.4 billion | 27.5% | $1,919 |
| 89 | Zambia | $34.8 billion | 82.1% | $1,545 |
| 90 | Belarus | $33.6 billion | 31.1% | $3,721 |
| 91 | El Salvador | $33.5 billion | 85.0% | $5,206 |
| 92 | Luxembourg | $30.9 billion | 28.5% | $44,359 |
| 93 | DR Congo | $29.0 billion | 23.7% | $263 |
| 94 | Cameroon | $26.0 billion | 40.1% | $848 |
| 95 | Latvia | $25.0 billion | 47.0% | $13,455 |
| 96 | Puerto Rico | $24.2 billion | 18.2% | $7,617 |
| 97 | Paraguay | $23.4 billion | 36.6% | $3,626 |
| 98 | Iceland | $23.4 billion | 54.6% | $58,677 |
| 99 | Cyprus | $22.8 billion | 51.4% | $22,858 |
| 100 | Trinidad and Tobago | $22.7 billion | 84.6% | $15,734 |
| 101 | Mozambique | $22.5 billion | 91.0% | $612 |
| 102 | Nepal | $22.5 billion | 49.4% | $761 |
| 103 | Zimbabwe | $22.1 billion | 33.5% | $1,246 |
| 104 | Gabon | $21.8 billion | 83.7% | $9,234 |
| 105 | Honduras | $18.0 billion | 44.0% | $1,612 |
| 106 | Papua New Guinea | $17.0 billion | 46.8% | $1,600 |
| 107 | Burkina Faso | $16.5 billion | 51.0% | $671 |
| 108 | Albania | $16.3 billion | 49.7% | $6,942 |
| 109 | Benin | $15.9 billion | 58.1% | $1,046 |
| 110 | Armenia | $15.9 billion | 48.1% | $5,128 |
| 111 | Guinea | $15.8 billion | 34.8% | $973 |
| 112 | Republic of the Congo | $15.4 billion | 80.5% | $2,308 |
| 113 | Jamaica | $15.4 billion | 64.3% | $5,577 |
| 114 | Mauritius | $14.8 billion | 87.6% | $11,980 |
| 115 | Azerbaijan | $14.7 billion | 16.5% | $1,402 |
| 116 | Laos | $14.7 billion | 79.8% | $1,860 |
| 117 | Georgia | $14.6 billion | 33.1% | $3,719 |
| 118 | Malawi | $14.3 billion | 78.0% | $577 |
| 119 | Malta | $14.2 billion | 46.4% | $24,198 |
| 120 | Estonia | $14.0 billion | 27.5% | $10,258 |
| 121 | Mali | $13.9 billion | 39.7% | $533 |
| 122 | Mongolia | $13.7 billion | 44.1% | $3,779 |
| 123 | Cambodia | $13.6 billion | 25.1% | $753 |
| 124 | Bahamas | $12.8 billion | 70.2% | $30,772 |
| 125 | Namibia | $12.1 billion | 67.5% | $3,876 |
| 126 | Rwanda | $11.8 billion | 63.4% | $818 |
| 127 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | $11.7 billion | 31.4% | $3,405 |
| 128 | North Macedonia | $11.4 billion | 53.8% | $6,330 |
| 129 | Niger | $10.8 billion | 46.3% | $358 |
| 130 | Maldives | $10.6 billion | 130.7% | $25,477 |
| 131 | Madagascar | $10.4 billion | 49.8% | $323 |
| 132 | Guyana | $10.2 billion | 25.3% | $9,757 |
| 133 | Moldova | $9.3 billion | 41.8% | $3,970 |
| 134 | Kyrgyzstan | $9.1 billion | 34.0% | $1,231 |
| 135 | Botswana | $8.9 billion | 40.3% | $3,451 |
| 136 | Togo | $8.5 billion | 64.7% | $958 |
| 137 | Nicaragua | $8.1 billion | 31.7% | $1,183 |
| 138 | Chad | $7.8 billion | 31.1% | $403 |
| 139 | Barbados | $7.7 billion | 93.8% | $26,521 |
| 140 | Montenegro | $6.8 billion | 66.8% | $10,837 |
| 141 | Mauritania | $5.5 billion | 38.3% | $1,155 |
| 142 | Fiji | $5.2 billion | 78.9% | $5,548 |
| 143 | Suriname | $5.1 billion | 85.1% | $7,631 |
| 144 | Equatorial Guinea | $4.7 billion | 32.9% | $2,792 |
| 145 | Bhutan | $4.5 billion | 116.2% | $5,735 |
| 146 | Sierra Leone | $4.3 billion | 50.1% | $474 |
| 147 | Haiti | $4.1 billion | 10.5% | $325 |
| 148 | Tajikistan | $3.9 billion | 18.3% | $367 |
| 149 | Cabo Verde | $3.7 billion | 109.9% | $7,204 |
| 150 | South Sudan | $3.4 billion | 43.2% | $277 |
| 151 | Eswatini | $3.2 billion | 52.5% | $2,507 |
| 152 | Liberia | $3.1 billion | 54.0% | $527 |
| 153 | Burundi | $3.1 billion | 40.4% | $206 |
| 154 | Aruba | $2.8 billion | 59.6% | $25,584 |
| 155 | Kosovo | $2.6 billion | 18.1% | $1,611 |
| 156 | Turkmenistan | $2.4 billion | 2.9% | $356 |
| 157 | Belize | $2.2 billion | 64.6% | $5,223 |
| 158 | Central African Republic | $2.2 billion | 43.5% | $388 |
| 159 | Guinea-Bissau | $2.2 billion | 73.9% | $1,056 |
| 160 | Saint Lucia | $2.2 billion | 78.1% | $11,766 |
| 161 | Gambia | $2.0 billion | 67.4% | $694 |
| 162 | Antigua and Barbuda | $1.6 billion | 66.8% | $15,068 |
| 163 | Lesotho | $1.5 billion | 47.5% | $617 |
| 164 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | $1.4 billion | 111.6% | $12,769 |
| 165 | Djibouti | $1.4 billion | 28.7% | $1,307 |
| 166 | San Marino | $1.4 billion | 56.8% | $40,662 |
| 167 | Andorra | $1.4 billion | 27.8% | $15,018 |
| 168 | Seychelles | $1.2 billion | 52.7% | $10,056 |
| 169 | Grenada | $1.0 billion | 66.8% | $8,872 |
| 170 | Dominica | $785.6 million | 99.7% | $10,337 |
| 171 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | $746.7 million | 65.1% | $14,360 |
| 172 | São Tomé and Príncipe | $627.8 million | 55.9% | $2,562 |
| 173 | Comoros | $599.6 million | 34.7% | $645 |
| 174 | Solomon Islands | $599.0 million | 32.1% | $737 |
| 175 | Vanuatu | $507.3 million | 36.6% | $1,483 |
| 176 | Timor-Leste | $301.6 million | 13.9% | $211 |
| 177 | Samoa | $250.5 million | 18.6% | $1,171 |
| 178 | Brunei | $245.3 million | 1.3% | $528 |
| 179 | Palau | $200.7 million | 53.8% | $11,804 |
| 180 | Tonga | $174.5 million | 24.0% | $1,762 |
| 181 | Liechtenstein | $48.0 million | 0.5% | $1,142 |
| 182 | Marshall Islands | $47.0 million | 13.9% | $1,270 |
| 183 | Micronesia | $40.9 million | 7.7% | $538 |
| 184 | Kiribati | $31.0 million | 7.7% | $236 |
| 185 | Nauru | $5.1 million | 2.6% | $425 |
| 186 | Tuvalu | $2.1 million | 2.5% | $208 |
| 187 | Macao | $0.0 million | 0.0% | $0 |
Live debt clocks for 48 of these countries are on the World Debt Clocks homepage.
Frequently asked questions
Which country has the most national debt?
The United States, with about $41.39 trillion in 2026 (126.8% of GDP), followed by China, Japan, and United Kingdom.
Which country has the highest debt to GDP ratio?
Sudan at 334.4% of GDP. Among large economies Japan leads with 199.4%.
Are there countries with no national debt?
Practically none: almost every government borrows. The lowest ratios in 2026 are in Macao (0.0%), Liechtenstein (0.5%), Brunei (1.3%), Tuvalu (2.5%).
How much national debt is there in the world?
About $121.09 trillion in 2026, or 94.6% of world GDP, according to the IMF.
